He belonged to an ancient noble family. He was in service since 1742 and was elected a deputy of the Legislative commission (Ulozhennaia komissiia) from the nobility of Moscow Province (1768-1769). In 1774 he retired with the rank of Major General. He published translations from French. In July 1759 in the magazine "Trudoliubivaia pchela" published by Aleksandr Sumarokov his translation of a prose fragment "About Flattery" ("O lesti") from "Thoughts" of Swedish philosopher Count Oxenstierna was printed. The most important work by Sergei Glebov appeared in 1765 : his translation (from a French translation by André Dacier) of the first eight "Comparative Biographies" by Plutarch. In the early 1760s the translator became close to the circle of Ekaterina Dashkova and was engaged by her to contribute to the magazine "Nevinnoe uprazhnenie" (Innocent exercise) with his translation from Voltaire's "On the equality of states" ("O ravenstve sostoianii") (the first "Speech in verse about a man").
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